The design of the fiber optic gyroscope data acquisition system focuses on how to extract weak angular velocity signals from noise and achieve high-precision, high-synchronization digital conversion. The current mainstream technical approach adopts the "FPGA+DSP" architecture to meet the requirements of front-end high-speed data acquisition and back-end complex signal processing.
The overall system architecture typically consists of four layers: sensor front-end, signal conditioning and acquisition, core data processing, and communication and power management. For a triaxial integrated system, it is necessary to synchronize the acquisition of signals from three orthogonal directions.
In terms of hardware design, the front end uses a precision signal conditioning circuit (amplification, level shifting) to match the ADC input range. A high-resolution Sigma-Delta ADC is selected to ensure accurate weak signal acquisition. An FPGA is responsible for multi-axis synchronous triggering and digital demodulation, while a DSP performs closed-loop control, error compensation, and strapdown inertial navigation algorithm. The communication interfaces support RS-422, CAN, etc., and include a PPS (pulse per second) synchronization function.
In terms of software algorithms, a digital closed-loop step wave modulation technique is adopted, where feedback phase is applied via a Y-waveguide to significantly improve dynamic range and linearity. Meanwhile, algorithms such as dynamic voltage compensation, vibration suppression, and reference channel noise reduction are integrated to effectively eliminate temperature drift and light source intensity noise. The data processing flow includes initialization calibration, synchronous sampling, computation compensation, and integral output, and the final data is packaged according to the communication protocol and transmitted to the host computer.
The system design balances high precision, high synchronization, and strong anti-interference ability, making it suitable for navigation application scenarios that require strict dynamic response and stability.
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